feat: 实现后端和管理后台基础架构

## 后端架构 (Go + Gin + GORM)
- ✅ 完整的分层架构 (API/Service/Repository)
- ✅ PostgreSQL数据库设计和迁移脚本
- ✅ JWT认证系统和权限控制
- ✅ 用户、照片、分类、标签等核心模型
- ✅ 中间件系统 (认证、CORS、日志)
- ✅ 配置管理和环境变量支持
- ✅ 结构化日志和错误处理
- ✅ Makefile构建和部署脚本

## 管理后台架构 (React + TypeScript)
- ✅ Vite + React 18 + TypeScript现代化架构
- ✅ 路由系统和状态管理 (Zustand + TanStack Query)
- ✅ 基于Radix UI的组件库基础
- ✅ 认证流程和权限控制
- ✅ 响应式设计和主题系统

## 数据库设计
- ✅ 用户表 (角色权限、认证信息)
- ✅ 照片表 (元数据、EXIF、状态管理)
- ✅ 分类表 (层级结构、封面图片)
- ✅ 标签表 (使用统计、标签云)
- ✅ 关联表 (照片-标签多对多)

## 技术特点
- 🚀 高性能: Gin框架 + GORM ORM
- 🔐 安全: JWT认证 + 密码加密 + 权限控制
- 📊 监控: 结构化日志 + 健康检查
- 🎨 现代化: React 18 + TypeScript + Vite
- 📱 响应式: Tailwind CSS + Radix UI

参考文档: docs/development/saved-docs/

backend/internal/api/middleware/auth.go

@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+package middleware
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"photography-backend/internal/service/auth"
+	"photography-backend/internal/models"
+)
+
+// AuthMiddleware 认证中间件
+type AuthMiddleware struct {
+	jwtService *auth.JWTService
+}
+
+// NewAuthMiddleware 创建认证中间件
+func NewAuthMiddleware(jwtService *auth.JWTService) *AuthMiddleware {
+	return &AuthMiddleware{
+		jwtService: jwtService,
+	}
+}
+
+// RequireAuth 需要认证的中间件
+func (m *AuthMiddleware) RequireAuth() gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		// 从Header中获取Authorization
+		authHeader := c.GetHeader("Authorization")
+		if authHeader == "" {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{
+				"error": "Authorization header is required",
+			})
+			c.Abort()
+			return
+		}
+		
+		// 检查Bearer前缀
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(authHeader, "Bearer ") {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{
+				"error": "Invalid authorization header format",
+			})
+			c.Abort()
+			return
+		}
+		
+		// 提取token
+		token := strings.TrimPrefix(authHeader, "Bearer ")
+		
+		// 验证token
+		claims, err := m.jwtService.ValidateToken(token)
+		if err != nil {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{
+				"error": "Invalid or expired token",
+			})
+			c.Abort()
+			return
+		}
+		
+		// 将用户信息存入上下文
+		c.Set("user_id", claims.UserID)
+		c.Set("username", claims.Username)
+		c.Set("user_role", claims.Role)
+		
+		c.Next()
+	}
+}
+
+// RequireRole 需要特定角色的中间件
+func (m *AuthMiddleware) RequireRole(requiredRole string) gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		userRole, exists := c.Get("user_role")
+		if !exists {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{
+				"error": "User role not found in context",
+			})
+			c.Abort()
+			return
+		}
+		
+		roleStr, ok := userRole.(string)
+		if !ok {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{
+				"error": "Invalid user role",
+			})
+			c.Abort()
+			return
+		}
+		
+		// 检查角色权限
+		if !m.hasPermission(roleStr, requiredRole) {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{
+				"error": "Insufficient permissions",
+			})
+			c.Abort()
+			return
+		}
+		
+		c.Next()
+	}
+}
+
+// RequireAdmin 需要管理员权限的中间件
+func (m *AuthMiddleware) RequireAdmin() gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return m.RequireRole(models.RoleAdmin)
+}
+
+// RequireEditor 需要编辑者权限的中间件
+func (m *AuthMiddleware) RequireEditor() gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return m.RequireRole(models.RoleEditor)
+}
+
+// OptionalAuth 可选认证中间件
+func (m *AuthMiddleware) OptionalAuth() gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		authHeader := c.GetHeader("Authorization")
+		if authHeader == "" {
+			c.Next()
+			return
+		}
+		
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(authHeader, "Bearer ") {
+			c.Next()
+			return
+		}
+		
+		token := strings.TrimPrefix(authHeader, "Bearer ")
+		claims, err := m.jwtService.ValidateToken(token)
+		if err != nil {
+			c.Next()
+			return
+		}
+		
+		// 将用户信息存入上下文
+		c.Set("user_id", claims.UserID)
+		c.Set("username", claims.Username)
+		c.Set("user_role", claims.Role)
+		
+		c.Next()
+	}
+}
+
+// GetCurrentUser 获取当前用户ID
+func GetCurrentUser(c *gin.Context) (uint, bool) {
+	userID, exists := c.Get("user_id")
+	if !exists {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	
+	id, ok := userID.(uint)
+	return id, ok
+}
+
+// GetCurrentUserRole 获取当前用户角色
+func GetCurrentUserRole(c *gin.Context) (string, bool) {
+	userRole, exists := c.Get("user_role")
+	if !exists {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	
+	role, ok := userRole.(string)
+	return role, ok
+}
+
+// GetCurrentUsername 获取当前用户名
+func GetCurrentUsername(c *gin.Context) (string, bool) {
+	username, exists := c.Get("username")
+	if !exists {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	
+	name, ok := username.(string)
+	return name, ok
+}
+
+// IsAuthenticated 检查是否已认证
+func IsAuthenticated(c *gin.Context) bool {
+	_, exists := c.Get("user_id")
+	return exists
+}
+
+// IsAdmin 检查是否为管理员
+func IsAdmin(c *gin.Context) bool {
+	role, exists := GetCurrentUserRole(c)
+	if !exists {
+		return false
+	}
+	return role == models.RoleAdmin
+}
+
+// IsEditor 检查是否为编辑者或以上
+func IsEditor(c *gin.Context) bool {
+	role, exists := GetCurrentUserRole(c)
+	if !exists {
+		return false
+	}
+	return role == models.RoleEditor || role == models.RoleAdmin
+}
+
+// hasPermission 检查权限
+func (m *AuthMiddleware) hasPermission(userRole, requiredRole string) bool {
+	roleLevel := map[string]int{
+		models.RoleUser:   1,
+		models.RoleEditor: 2,
+		models.RoleAdmin:  3,
+	}
+	
+	userLevel, exists := roleLevel[userRole]
+	if !exists {
+		return false
+	}
+	
+	requiredLevel, exists := roleLevel[requiredRole]
+	if !exists {
+		return false
+	}
+	
+	return userLevel >= requiredLevel
+}