864 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
864 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
# MCP Streamable HTTP 传输实现规划
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## 概述
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本文档规划在 PromptX 项目中实现 MCP (Model Context Protocol) Streamable HTTP 传输的技术方案,同时提供 SSE 向后兼容支持。
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## 背景分析
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### 当前状态
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- PromptX 目前仅支持 stdio 传输方式 (`MCPServerCommand.js`)
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- 使用 `@modelcontextprotocol/sdk@1.12.1`,已包含 SSE 传输支持
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- 启动方式:`pnpm start mcp-server` (默认 stdio)
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### 需求驱动
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- 需要支持基于 HTTP 的 MCP 服务器实例
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- 为 Web 客户端和远程访问提供现代化支持
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- 采用最新 MCP 协议标准,确保长期兼容性
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- 提供更灵活的部署选项
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## 技术方案
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### 依赖管理
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基于官方示例和稳定性考虑,本实现使用 Express.js 框架:
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```bash
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# MCP SDK(已安装)
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@modelcontextprotocol/sdk@1.12.1
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# Express 框架(新增)
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express@^5.1.0
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```
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**选择 Express.js 的原因:**
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1. **官方示例一致性** - MCP SDK 官方示例均使用 Express.js
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2. **测试稳定性** - Express 提供更完善的中间件和错误处理机制
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3. **开发效率** - 简化 CORS、JSON 解析等常见 HTTP 处理需求
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4. **社区支持** - 成熟的生态系统和丰富的文档资源
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### 传输协议选择
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#### Streamable HTTP 传输(主要方案)
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- **状态**: MCP 协议当前推荐的标准传输方式
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- **特点**:
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- 统一 HTTP POST 端点
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- 无状态连接,支持 SSE 可选升级
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- 支持会话管理和连接恢复
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- **优势**:
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- 现代化架构,更好的可扩展性
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- 简化客户端实现
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- 更好的负载均衡支持
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- 符合 REST 架构原则
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#### SSE 传输(兼容方案)
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- **状态**: 在协议版本 2024-11-05 中被标记为弃用
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- **特点**: 双端点架构(GET 建立 SSE 流,POST 接收消息)
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- **适用**: 向后兼容现有客户端,过渡期使用
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### 实现架构
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#### 方案一:扩展现有 MCPServerCommand
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**优势**:
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- 保持代码统一性
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- 复用现有逻辑
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- 最小化改动
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**实现路径**:
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```javascript
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// MCPServerCommand.js 修改
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async execute(options = {}) {
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const { transport = 'stdio', port = 3000 } = options;
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switch (transport) {
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case 'stdio':
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return this.startStdioServer();
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case 'http':
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return this.startStreamableHttpServer(port);
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case 'sse':
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return this.startSSEServer(port); // 兼容支持
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default:
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throw new Error(`Unsupported transport: ${transport}`);
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}
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}
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```
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#### 方案二:创建专用 HTTP 服务器命令
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**优势**:
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- 职责分离,代码清晰
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- 便于独立测试和维护
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- 避免原有功能的副作用
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**实现路径**:
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```
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src/lib/commands/
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├── MCPServerCommand.js # stdio 传输
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├── MCPStreamableHttpCommand.js # Streamable HTTP 传输(主要)
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└── index.js # 命令导出
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```
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### 详细设计
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#### Streamable HTTP 服务器实现
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```javascript
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// 基础架构
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class MCPStreamableHttpCommand {
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constructor() {
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this.name = 'promptx-mcp-streamable-http-server';
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this.version = '1.0.0';
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}
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async execute(options = {}) {
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const {
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transport = 'http', // 'http' | 'sse'
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port = 3000,
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host = 'localhost'
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} = options;
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if (transport === 'http') {
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return this.startStreamableHttpServer(port, host);
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} else if (transport === 'sse') {
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return this.startSSEServer(port, host); // 兼容支持
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}
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}
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async startStreamableHttpServer(port, host) {
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// 使用 Express + StreamableHttpServerTransport
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// 实现现代化统一端点架构
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const app = express();
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app.use(express.json());
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app.use(corsMiddleware);
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app.post('/mcp', handleMCPPostRequest);
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// 健康检查和其他端点
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}
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async startSSEServer(port, host) {
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// 使用 Express + SSEServerTransport
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// 向后兼容双端点架构
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const app = express();
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app.get('/mcp', handleSSEConnection);
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app.post('/messages', handleSSEMessage);
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}
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}
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```
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#### 端点设计
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**Streamable HTTP 端点**(主要):
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- `POST /mcp` - 统一入口端点
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- 接收所有 JSON-RPC 消息
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- 支持可选 SSE 流式响应
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- 支持会话管理(sessionId)
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- 无状态设计,便于负载均衡
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**SSE 传输端点**(兼容):
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- `GET /mcp` - 建立 SSE 连接
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- `POST /messages` - 接收客户端消息
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#### 配置选项
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```javascript
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// 命令行参数
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{
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transport: 'stdio' | 'http' | 'sse', // 'http' 为推荐默认值
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port: number, // HTTP 端口 (默认: 3000)
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host: string, // 绑定地址 (默认: localhost)
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cors: boolean, // CORS 支持 (默认: false)
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auth: boolean, // 认证开关 (默认: false)
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streaming: boolean, // SSE 流式响应 (默认: true)
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maxConnections: number // 最大连接数 (默认: 100)
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}
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```
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## 实现计划
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### 阶段 1: Streamable HTTP 传输支持(主要目标)
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**目标**: 实现 MCP 推荐的 Streamable HTTP 传输
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**任务**:
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1. 创建 `MCPStreamableHttpCommand.js`
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2. 实现 StreamableHttpServerTransport 集成
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3. 支持统一端点架构和可选 SSE 升级
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4. 集成现有 MCP 工具处理逻辑
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5. 添加命令行参数支持
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6. 编写单元测试
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**预期成果**:
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```bash
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# 启动 Streamable HTTP 服务器
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pnpm start mcp-server --transport http --port 3000
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```
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### 阶段 2: SSE 传输兼容支持
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**目标**: 实现 SSE 传输的向后兼容
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**任务**:
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1. 在同一命令中添加 SSE 传输支持
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2. 实现 SSE 双端点架构
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3. 添加传输类型切换逻辑
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4. 性能优化和错误处理
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5. 兼容性测试
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**预期成果**:
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```bash
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# 启动 SSE 服务器(兼容模式)
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pnpm start mcp-server --transport sse --port 3000
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```
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### 阶段 3: 生产化增强
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**目标**: 完善生产环境特性
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**任务**:
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1. CORS 跨域支持
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2. 认证机制集成
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3. 连接池和限流
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4. 监控和日志增强
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5. Docker 部署支持
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**预期成果**:
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- 生产就绪的 Streamable HTTP MCP 服务器
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- 完整的部署文档
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- 性能基准测试报告
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## 配置管理
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### 环境变量支持
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```bash
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MCP_TRANSPORT=http # 传输类型(推荐默认值)
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MCP_PORT=3000 # 服务端口
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MCP_HOST=localhost # 绑定地址
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MCP_CORS_ENABLED=false # CORS 开关
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MCP_STREAMING=true # SSE 流式响应
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MCP_MAX_CONNECTIONS=100 # 最大连接数
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```
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### 配置文件支持
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```json
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// package.json scripts 扩展
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{
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"scripts": {
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"mcp:stdio": "node src/bin/promptx.js mcp-server",
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"mcp:http": "node src/bin/promptx.js mcp-server --transport http",
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"mcp:sse": "node src/bin/promptx.js mcp-server --transport sse",
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"mcp:dev": "MCP_DEBUG=true node src/bin/promptx.js mcp-server --transport http --port 3001"
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}
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}
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```
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## 测试策略
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### 单元测试
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- 传输类型选择逻辑
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- HTTP 端点处理
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- 错误处理机制
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- 参数验证
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### 集成测试
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- 完整 MCP 会话流程
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- 多客户端并发连接
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- 传输协议兼容性
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- 工具调用端到端测试
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### 性能测试
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- 并发连接压力测试
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- 消息吞吐量测试
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- 内存和 CPU 使用率监控
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## 部署考虑
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### 开发环境
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- 本地调试支持
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- 热重载机制
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- 详细日志输出
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### 生产环境
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- 进程管理 (PM2)
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- 反向代理 (Nginx)
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- HTTPS 支持
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- 监控告警
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## 客户端配置指南
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### Claude Desktop 配置
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#### 推荐配置(官方标准方式)
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**配置文件路径**:
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- **macOS**: `~/Library/Application Support/Claude/claude_desktop_config.json`
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- **Windows**: `%APPDATA%\Claude\claude_desktop_config.json`
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##### 方式一:Stdio 传输(推荐,最简单)
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```json
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{
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"mcpServers": {
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"promptx": {
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"command": "node",
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"args": [
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"/absolute/path/to/PromptX/src/bin/promptx.js",
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"mcp-server"
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]
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}
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}
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}
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```
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**Windows 示例**:
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```json
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{
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"mcpServers": {
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"promptx": {
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"command": "node",
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"args": [
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"C:\\Users\\你的用户名\\WorkSpaces\\DeepracticeProjects\\PromptX\\src\\bin\\promptx.js",
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"mcp-server"
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]
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}
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}
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}
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```
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##### 方式二:使用 npx 运行(如果发布到 npm)
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```json
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{
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"mcpServers": {
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"promptx": {
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"command": "npx",
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"args": [
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"-y",
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"dpml-prompt",
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"mcp-server"
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]
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}
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}
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}
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```
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#### HTTP 传输配置(高级用法)
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⚠️ **注意**: HTTP 传输配置比较复杂,仅在有特殊需求时使用。
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##### 跨平台 HTTP 配置
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**macOS/Linux** (有 curl):
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```json
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{
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"mcpServers": {
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"promptx-http": {
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"command": "curl",
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"args": [
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"-X", "POST",
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"-H", "Content-Type: application/json",
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"-H", "Accept: application/json, text/event-stream",
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"--data-binary", "@-",
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"http://localhost:3000/mcp"
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]
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}
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}
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}
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```
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**Windows** (使用 Node.js 脚本):
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```json
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{
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"mcpServers": {
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"promptx-http": {
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"command": "node",
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"args": [
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"C:\\path\\to\\PromptX\\scripts\\mcp-http-client.js"
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]
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}
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}
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}
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```
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#### 生产环境配置
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对于生产环境,建议使用以下配置:
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```json
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{
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"mcpServers": {
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"promptx-prod": {
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"command": "curl",
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"args": [
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"-X", "POST",
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"-H", "Content-Type: application/json",
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"-H", "Accept: application/json, text/event-stream",
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"-H", "User-Agent: Claude-Desktop/1.0",
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"--timeout", "30",
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"--retry", "3",
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"--data-binary", "@-",
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"https://your-domain.com/mcp"
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],
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"env": {
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"MCP_DEBUG": "false",
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"HTTP_TIMEOUT": "30000"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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```
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#### SSE 传输配置(兼容模式)
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```json
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{
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"mcpServers": {
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"promptx-sse": {
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"command": "curl",
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"args": [
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"-X", "GET",
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"-H", "Accept: text/event-stream",
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"-H", "Cache-Control: no-cache",
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"http://localhost:3000/mcp"
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],
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"env": {
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"MCP_DEBUG": "true"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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```
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### 配置文件管理
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#### 配置文件创建步骤
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1. **查找配置文件位置**
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```bash
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# macOS
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ls -la ~/Library/Application\ Support/Claude/
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# Windows (PowerShell)
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ls $env:APPDATA\Claude\
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```
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2. **创建配置文件**(如果不存在)
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```bash
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# macOS
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mkdir -p ~/Library/Application\ Support/Claude/
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touch ~/Library/Application\ Support/Claude/claude_desktop_config.json
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# Windows (PowerShell)
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New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path $env:APPDATA\Claude\
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New-Item -ItemType File -Force -Path $env:APPDATA\Claude\claude_desktop_config.json
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```
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3. **验证配置**
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```bash
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# 测试配置文件语法
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cat ~/Library/Application\ Support/Claude/claude_desktop_config.json | jq .
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```
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#### 配置文件模板
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我们提供了一个完整的配置文件模板:`docs/claude-desktop-config-example.json`
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你可以直接复制这个文件到你的 Claude Desktop 配置目录:
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```bash
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# macOS
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cp docs/claude-desktop-config-example.json ~/Library/Application\ Support/Claude/claude_desktop_config.json
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# Windows (PowerShell)
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Copy-Item docs/claude-desktop-config-example.json $env:APPDATA\Claude\claude_desktop_config.json
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```
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**重要**: 记得将配置文件中的 `/Users/YOUR_USERNAME/` 替换为你的实际用户路径。
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#### 快速配置脚本
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```bash
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#!/bin/bash
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# 文件名: setup-claude-config.sh
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# 获取当前项目路径
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PROJECT_PATH=$(pwd)
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# 获取用户名
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USERNAME=$(whoami)
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# Claude Desktop 配置路径
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CLAUDE_CONFIG_DIR="$HOME/Library/Application Support/Claude"
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CLAUDE_CONFIG_FILE="$CLAUDE_CONFIG_DIR/claude_desktop_config.json"
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# 创建配置目录
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mkdir -p "$CLAUDE_CONFIG_DIR"
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# 生成配置文件
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cat > "$CLAUDE_CONFIG_FILE" << EOF
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{
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"mcpServers": {
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"promptx-http": {
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"command": "curl",
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"args": [
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"-X", "POST",
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"-H", "Content-Type: application/json",
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"-H", "Accept: application/json, text/event-stream",
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"--data-binary", "@-",
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"http://localhost:3000/mcp"
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],
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"env": {
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"MCP_DEBUG": "false"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"promptx-stdio": {
|
||
"command": "node",
|
||
"args": [
|
||
"$PROJECT_PATH/src/bin/promptx.js",
|
||
"mcp-server"
|
||
],
|
||
"env": {
|
||
"MCP_DEBUG": "false"
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"globalShortcut": "Cmd+Shift+.",
|
||
"theme": "auto"
|
||
}
|
||
EOF
|
||
|
||
echo "✅ Claude Desktop 配置已生成: $CLAUDE_CONFIG_FILE"
|
||
echo "🔄 请重启 Claude Desktop 以加载新配置"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
使用方法:
|
||
```bash
|
||
chmod +x setup-claude-config.sh
|
||
./setup-claude-config.sh
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 多环境配置
|
||
|
||
```json
|
||
{
|
||
"mcpServers": {
|
||
"promptx-dev": {
|
||
"command": "curl",
|
||
"args": [
|
||
"-X", "POST",
|
||
"-H", "Content-Type: application/json",
|
||
"-H", "Accept: application/json, text/event-stream",
|
||
"--data-binary", "@-",
|
||
"http://localhost:3000/mcp"
|
||
],
|
||
"env": {
|
||
"MCP_DEBUG": "true",
|
||
"NODE_ENV": "development"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"promptx-staging": {
|
||
"command": "curl",
|
||
"args": [
|
||
"-X", "POST",
|
||
"-H", "Content-Type: application/json",
|
||
"-H", "Accept: application/json, text/event-stream",
|
||
"--data-binary", "@-",
|
||
"https://staging.your-domain.com/mcp"
|
||
],
|
||
"env": {
|
||
"MCP_DEBUG": "false",
|
||
"NODE_ENV": "staging"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"promptx-prod": {
|
||
"command": "curl",
|
||
"args": [
|
||
"-X", "POST",
|
||
"-H", "Content-Type: application/json",
|
||
"-H", "Accept: application/json, text/event-stream",
|
||
"-H", "Authorization: Bearer YOUR_API_TOKEN",
|
||
"--timeout", "30",
|
||
"--retry", "3",
|
||
"--data-binary", "@-",
|
||
"https://api.your-domain.com/mcp"
|
||
],
|
||
"env": {
|
||
"MCP_DEBUG": "false",
|
||
"NODE_ENV": "production"
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 自定义客户端实现
|
||
|
||
#### JavaScript/TypeScript 客户端
|
||
|
||
```javascript
|
||
import { McpClient } from '@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/client/mcp.js';
|
||
import { HttpTransport } from '@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/client/http.js';
|
||
|
||
// Streamable HTTP 客户端
|
||
const transport = new HttpTransport({
|
||
baseUrl: 'http://localhost:3000/mcp',
|
||
headers: {
|
||
'Content-Type': 'application/json',
|
||
'Accept': 'application/json'
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
const client = new McpClient({
|
||
name: 'promptx-client',
|
||
version: '1.0.0'
|
||
}, {
|
||
capabilities: {
|
||
tools: {}
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
await client.connect(transport);
|
||
|
||
// 调用工具示例
|
||
const result = await client.callTool('promptx_hello', {});
|
||
console.log(result);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### Python 客户端
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
import asyncio
|
||
import aiohttp
|
||
import json
|
||
|
||
class PromptXClient:
|
||
def __init__(self, base_url="http://localhost:3000"):
|
||
self.base_url = base_url
|
||
self.session_id = None
|
||
|
||
async def initialize(self):
|
||
"""初始化 MCP 连接"""
|
||
async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
|
||
payload = {
|
||
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
|
||
"method": "initialize",
|
||
"params": {
|
||
"protocolVersion": "2024-11-05",
|
||
"capabilities": {
|
||
"tools": {}
|
||
},
|
||
"clientInfo": {
|
||
"name": "promptx-python-client",
|
||
"version": "1.0.0"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"id": 1
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
async with session.post(
|
||
f"{self.base_url}/mcp",
|
||
json=payload,
|
||
headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"}
|
||
) as response:
|
||
result = await response.json()
|
||
self.session_id = response.headers.get('mcp-session-id')
|
||
return result
|
||
|
||
async def call_tool(self, tool_name, arguments=None):
|
||
"""调用 PromptX 工具"""
|
||
if not self.session_id:
|
||
await self.initialize()
|
||
|
||
async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
|
||
payload = {
|
||
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
|
||
"method": "tools/call",
|
||
"params": {
|
||
"name": tool_name,
|
||
"arguments": arguments or {}
|
||
},
|
||
"id": 2
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
headers = {
|
||
"Content-Type": "application/json",
|
||
"mcp-session-id": self.session_id
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
async with session.post(
|
||
f"{self.base_url}/mcp",
|
||
json=payload,
|
||
headers=headers
|
||
) as response:
|
||
return await response.json()
|
||
|
||
# 使用示例
|
||
async def main():
|
||
client = PromptXClient()
|
||
|
||
# 调用角色发现工具
|
||
result = await client.call_tool('promptx_hello')
|
||
print(result)
|
||
|
||
# 激活产品经理角色
|
||
result = await client.call_tool('promptx_action', {'role': 'product-manager'})
|
||
print(result)
|
||
|
||
asyncio.run(main())
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### MCP Inspector 配置
|
||
|
||
使用 MCP Inspector 进行调试和测试:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 安装 MCP Inspector
|
||
npm install -g @modelcontextprotocol/inspector
|
||
|
||
# 连接到 PromptX HTTP 服务器
|
||
mcp-inspector http://localhost:3000/mcp
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 服务器启动命令
|
||
|
||
在配置客户端之前,确保 PromptX 服务器已启动:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 启动 Streamable HTTP 服务器(推荐)
|
||
pnpm start mcp-server --transport http --port 3000
|
||
|
||
# 启动 SSE 服务器(兼容模式)
|
||
pnpm start mcp-server --transport sse --port 3000
|
||
|
||
# 启动时启用调试日志
|
||
MCP_DEBUG=true pnpm start mcp-server --transport http --port 3000
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 连接测试
|
||
|
||
#### 健康检查
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 测试服务器是否运行
|
||
curl http://localhost:3000/health
|
||
|
||
# 预期响应
|
||
{
|
||
"status": "ok",
|
||
"name": "promptx-mcp-streamable-http-server",
|
||
"version": "1.0.0",
|
||
"transport": "http"
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 工具列表获取
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 获取可用工具列表(无需会话ID)
|
||
curl -X POST http://localhost:3000/mcp \
|
||
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
|
||
-H "Accept: application/json, text/event-stream" \
|
||
-d '{
|
||
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
|
||
"method": "tools/list",
|
||
"id": 1
|
||
}'
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**注意**: 必须包含 `Accept: application/json, text/event-stream` 头,否则会收到406错误。
|
||
|
||
#### 工具调用测试
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 调用角色发现工具
|
||
curl -X POST http://localhost:3000/mcp \
|
||
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
|
||
-H "mcp-session-id: YOUR_SESSION_ID" \
|
||
-d '{
|
||
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
|
||
"method": "tools/call",
|
||
"params": {
|
||
"name": "promptx_hello",
|
||
"arguments": {}
|
||
},
|
||
"id": 2
|
||
}'
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 故障排除
|
||
|
||
#### 常见问题
|
||
|
||
1. **连接被拒绝**
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 检查服务器是否运行
|
||
curl http://localhost:3000/health
|
||
# 检查端口是否被占用
|
||
lsof -i :3000
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. **CORS 错误**
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 启动时启用 CORS(如果需要)
|
||
pnpm start mcp-server --transport http --port 3000 --cors
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
3. **会话 ID 错误**
|
||
- 确保在工具调用时包含正确的 `mcp-session-id` 头
|
||
- 对于新连接,先发送 `initialize` 请求
|
||
|
||
4. **工具调用失败**
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 启用调试模式查看详细日志
|
||
MCP_DEBUG=true pnpm start mcp-server --transport http --port 3000
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 兼容性
|
||
|
||
### MCP 客户端兼容性
|
||
- Claude Desktop (通过 HTTP 配置)
|
||
- MCP Inspector
|
||
- 自定义 JavaScript/TypeScript 客户端
|
||
- 自定义 Python 客户端
|
||
- 任何支持 HTTP JSON-RPC 的客户端
|
||
|
||
### 协议版本兼容性
|
||
- 支持当前协议版本 (2024-11-05)
|
||
- 向后兼容弃用特性 (SSE 传输)
|
||
- 平滑迁移路径
|
||
|
||
## 风险评估
|
||
|
||
### 技术风险
|
||
- SSE 传输弃用风险 → 优先实现 Streamable HTTP
|
||
- 并发性能瓶颈 → 连接池和限流机制
|
||
- 内存泄漏风险 → 完善资源清理
|
||
|
||
### 维护风险
|
||
- 代码复杂度增加 → 清晰的架构分层
|
||
- 测试覆盖率下降 → 完善的测试策略
|
||
|
||
## 成功指标
|
||
|
||
### 功能指标
|
||
- [ ] 支持 Streamable HTTP 传输启动
|
||
- [ ] 支持 SSE 兼容传输
|
||
- [ ] 多传输类型无缝切换
|
||
- [ ] 完整的工具调用功能
|
||
|
||
### 性能指标
|
||
- 支持 > 50 并发连接
|
||
- 消息延迟 < 100ms
|
||
- 内存使用 < 500MB
|
||
|
||
### 质量指标
|
||
- 测试覆盖率 > 80%
|
||
- 零安全漏洞
|
||
- 完整的文档覆盖
|
||
|
||
## 参考资料
|
||
|
||
- [MCP 官方文档 - Transports](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/docs/concepts/transports)
|
||
- [MCP SDK 示例 - Streamable HTTP Server](https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/typescript-sdk/blob/main/examples/server/simpleStreamableHttp.js)
|
||
- [MCP SDK 示例 - SSE Server](https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/typescript-sdk/blob/main/examples/server/simpleSseServer.js)
|
||
- [Streamable HTTP 实现指南](https://blog.christianposta.com/ai/understanding-mcp-recent-change-around-http-sse/)
|
||
- [MCP 协议变更说明](https://blog.christianposta.com/ai/understanding-mcp-recent-change-around-http-sse/) |