684 lines
21 KiB
Markdown
684 lines
21 KiB
Markdown
# Model Layer - CLAUDE.md
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本文件为 Claude Code 在数据模型层中工作时提供指导。
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## 🎯 模块概览
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Model 层负责定义数据结构、实体模型和数据传输对象，是整个应用的数据基础。
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### 主要职责
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- 📦 定义数据库实体模型
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- 🔄 定义数据传输对象（DTO）
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- 📝 定义请求和响应结构
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- 🔗 实现数据转换和验证
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- 📊 定义枚举和常量
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## 📁 模块结构
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```
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internal/model/
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├── CLAUDE.md # 📋 当前文件 - 数据模型设计指导
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├── entity/ # 📦 实体模型
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│ ├── user.go # 用户实体
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│ ├── photo.go # 照片实体
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│ ├── category.go # 分类实体
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│ ├── tag.go # 标签实体
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│ ├── album.go # 相册实体
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│ └── base.go # 基础实体
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├── dto/ # 🔄 数据传输对象
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│ ├── user_dto.go # 用户 DTO
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│ ├── photo_dto.go # 照片 DTO
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│ ├── category_dto.go # 分类 DTO
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│ ├── auth_dto.go # 认证 DTO
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│ └── common_dto.go # 通用 DTO
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├── request/ # 📝 请求模型
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│ ├── user_request.go # 用户请求
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│ ├── photo_request.go # 照片请求
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│ ├── category_request.go # 分类请求
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│ └── auth_request.go # 认证请求
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├── response/ # 📤 响应模型
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│ ├── user_response.go # 用户响应
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│ ├── photo_response.go # 照片响应
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│ ├── category_response.go # 分类响应
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│ └── common_response.go # 通用响应
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└── types/ # 📊 类型定义
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├── enums.go # 枚举类型
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├── constants.go # 常量定义
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└── custom_types.go # 自定义类型
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```
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## 🏗️ 实体模型设计
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### 基础实体
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```go
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// entity/base.go - 基础实体模型
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package entity
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import (
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"time"
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"gorm.io/gorm"
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)
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// BaseEntity 基础实体，包含通用字段
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type BaseEntity struct {
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ID uint `gorm:"primaryKey" json:"id"`
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CreatedAt time.Time `gorm:"column:created_at" json:"created_at"`
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UpdatedAt time.Time `gorm:"column:updated_at" json:"updated_at"`
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DeletedAt gorm.DeletedAt `gorm:"index;column:deleted_at" json:"-"`
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}
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// CreatedBy 创建者字段
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type CreatedBy struct {
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CreatedBy uint `gorm:"column:created_by;index" json:"created_by"`
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}
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// UpdatedBy 更新者字段
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type UpdatedBy struct {
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UpdatedBy uint `gorm:"column:updated_by;index" json:"updated_by"`
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}
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// SoftDelete 软删除字段
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type SoftDelete struct {
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DeletedBy uint `gorm:"column:deleted_by;index" json:"deleted_by,omitempty"`
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}
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// TableName 实现 gorm.Tabler 接口
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func (BaseEntity) TableName() string {
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return ""
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}
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```
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### 用户实体
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```go
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// entity/user.go - 用户实体
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package entity
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import (
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"time"
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"gorm.io/gorm"
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)
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// User 用户实体
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type User struct {
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BaseEntity
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// 基本信息
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Username string `gorm:"column:username;type:varchar(50);uniqueIndex;not null" json:"username"`
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Email string `gorm:"column:email;type:varchar(100);uniqueIndex;not null" json:"email"`
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Password string `gorm:"column:password;type:varchar(255);not null" json:"-"`
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// 个人信息
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FirstName string `gorm:"column:first_name;type:varchar(50)" json:"first_name"`
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LastName string `gorm:"column:last_name;type:varchar(50)" json:"last_name"`
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Avatar string `gorm:"column:avatar;type:varchar(255)" json:"avatar"`
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Bio string `gorm:"column:bio;type:text" json:"bio"`
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// 系统字段
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Role UserRole `gorm:"column:role;type:varchar(20);default:'user'" json:"role"`
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Status UserStatus `gorm:"column:status;type:varchar(20);default:'active'" json:"status"`
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// 时间字段
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LastLoginAt *time.Time `gorm:"column:last_login_at" json:"last_login_at"`
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EmailVerifiedAt *time.Time `gorm:"column:email_verified_at" json:"email_verified_at"`
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// 关联关系
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Photos []Photo `gorm:"foreignKey:UserID;constraint:OnUpdate:CASCADE,OnDelete:CASCADE" json:"photos,omitempty"`
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Albums []Album `gorm:"foreignKey:UserID;constraint:OnUpdate:CASCADE,OnDelete:CASCADE" json:"albums,omitempty"`
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Categories []Category `gorm:"foreignKey:UserID;constraint:OnUpdate:CASCADE,OnDelete:CASCADE" json:"categories,omitempty"`
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}
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// UserRole 用户角色枚举
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type UserRole string
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const (
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UserRoleAdmin UserRole = "admin"
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UserRoleEditor UserRole = "editor"
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UserRoleUser UserRole = "user"
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)
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// UserStatus 用户状态枚举
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type UserStatus string
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const (
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UserStatusActive UserStatus = "active"
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UserStatusInactive UserStatus = "inactive"
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UserStatusBanned UserStatus = "banned"
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)
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// TableName 指定表名
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func (User) TableName() string {
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return "users"
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}
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// IsAdmin 检查是否为管理员
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func (u *User) IsAdmin() bool {
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return u.Role == UserRoleAdmin
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}
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// IsActive 检查是否为活跃用户
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func (u *User) IsActive() bool {
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return u.Status == UserStatusActive
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}
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// GetFullName 获取完整姓名
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func (u *User) GetFullName() string {
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if u.FirstName == "" && u.LastName == "" {
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return u.Username
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}
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return u.FirstName + " " + u.LastName
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}
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```
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### 照片实体
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```go
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// entity/photo.go - 照片实体
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package entity
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import (
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"time"
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)
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// Photo 照片实体
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type Photo struct {
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BaseEntity
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// 基本信息
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Title string `gorm:"column:title;type:varchar(255);not null" json:"title"`
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Description string `gorm:"column:description;type:text" json:"description"`
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// 文件信息
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Filename string `gorm:"column:filename;type:varchar(255);not null" json:"filename"`
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FilePath string `gorm:"column:file_path;type:varchar(500);not null" json:"file_path"`
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FileSize int64 `gorm:"column:file_size;not null" json:"file_size"`
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MimeType string `gorm:"column:mime_type;type:varchar(100);not null" json:"mime_type"`
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// 图片属性
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Width int `gorm:"column:width;default:0" json:"width"`
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Height int `gorm:"column:height;default:0" json:"height"`
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// 元数据
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ExifData string `gorm:"column:exif_data;type:text" json:"exif_data,omitempty"`
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TakenAt *time.Time `gorm:"column:taken_at" json:"taken_at"`
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Location string `gorm:"column:location;type:varchar(255)" json:"location"`
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Camera string `gorm:"column:camera;type:varchar(100)" json:"camera"`
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Lens string `gorm:"column:lens;type:varchar(100)" json:"lens"`
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// 系统字段
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UserID uint `gorm:"column:user_id;not null;index" json:"user_id"`
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Status PhotoStatus `gorm:"column:status;type:varchar(20);default:'active'" json:"status"`
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// 统计字段
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ViewCount int `gorm:"column:view_count;default:0" json:"view_count"`
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DownloadCount int `gorm:"column:download_count;default:0" json:"download_count"`
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// 关联关系
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User User `gorm:"foreignKey:UserID;constraint:OnUpdate:CASCADE,OnDelete:CASCADE" json:"user,omitempty"`
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Categories []Category `gorm:"many2many:photo_categories;constraint:OnUpdate:CASCADE,OnDelete:CASCADE" json:"categories,omitempty"`
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Tags []Tag `gorm:"many2many:photo_tags;constraint:OnUpdate:CASCADE,OnDelete:CASCADE" json:"tags,omitempty"`
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Albums []Album `gorm:"many2many:album_photos;constraint:OnUpdate:CASCADE,OnDelete:CASCADE" json:"albums,omitempty"`
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}
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// PhotoStatus 照片状态枚举
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type PhotoStatus string
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const (
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PhotoStatusActive PhotoStatus = "active"
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PhotoStatusInactive PhotoStatus = "inactive"
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PhotoStatusPrivate PhotoStatus = "private"
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PhotoStatusDeleted PhotoStatus = "deleted"
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)
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// TableName 指定表名
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func (Photo) TableName() string {
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return "photos"
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}
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// IsActive 检查照片是否可见
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func (p *Photo) IsActive() bool {
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return p.Status == PhotoStatusActive
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}
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// GetURL 获取照片URL
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func (p *Photo) GetURL(baseURL string) string {
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return baseURL + "/" + p.FilePath
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}
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// GetThumbnailURL 获取缩略图URL
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func (p *Photo) GetThumbnailURL(baseURL string) string {
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return baseURL + "/thumbnails/" + p.FilePath
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}
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```
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## 🔄 数据传输对象
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### 用户 DTO
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```go
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// dto/user_dto.go - 用户数据传输对象
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package dto
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import (
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"time"
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"photography-backend/internal/model/entity"
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)
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// CreateUserRequest 创建用户请求
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type CreateUserRequest struct {
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Username string `json:"username" binding:"required,min=3,max=50"`
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Email string `json:"email" binding:"required,email"`
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Password string `json:"password" binding:"required,min=6"`
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FirstName string `json:"first_name" binding:"max=50"`
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LastName string `json:"last_name" binding:"max=50"`
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}
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// UpdateUserRequest 更新用户请求
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type UpdateUserRequest struct {
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Username string `json:"username" binding:"omitempty,min=3,max=50"`
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Email string `json:"email" binding:"omitempty,email"`
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FirstName string `json:"first_name" binding:"max=50"`
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LastName string `json:"last_name" binding:"max=50"`
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Avatar string `json:"avatar" binding:"max=255"`
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Bio string `json:"bio" binding:"max=500"`
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}
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// ChangePasswordRequest 修改密码请求
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type ChangePasswordRequest struct {
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CurrentPassword string `json:"current_password" binding:"required"`
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NewPassword string `json:"new_password" binding:"required,min=6"`
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}
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// UserResponse 用户响应
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type UserResponse struct {
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ID uint `json:"id"`
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Username string `json:"username"`
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Email string `json:"email"`
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FirstName string `json:"first_name"`
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LastName string `json:"last_name"`
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Avatar string `json:"avatar"`
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Bio string `json:"bio"`
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Role string `json:"role"`
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Status string `json:"status"`
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CreatedAt time.Time `json:"created_at"`
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UpdatedAt time.Time `json:"updated_at"`
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}
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// UserListResponse 用户列表响应
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type UserListResponse struct {
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Users []UserResponse `json:"users"`
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Total int64 `json:"total"`
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Page int `json:"page"`
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Limit int `json:"limit"`
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}
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// ListUsersOptions 用户列表选项
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type ListUsersOptions struct {
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Page int `form:"page" binding:"min=1"`
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Limit int `form:"limit" binding:"min=1,max=100"`
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Sort string `form:"sort" binding:"oneof=id username email created_at"`
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Order string `form:"order" binding:"oneof=asc desc"`
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Status string `form:"status" binding:"oneof=active inactive banned"`
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Role string `form:"role" binding:"oneof=admin editor user"`
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Search string `form:"search" binding:"max=100"`
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}
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// ToUserResponse 转换为用户响应
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func ToUserResponse(user *entity.User) *UserResponse {
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return &UserResponse{
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ID: user.ID,
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Username: user.Username,
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Email: user.Email,
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FirstName: user.FirstName,
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LastName: user.LastName,
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Avatar: user.Avatar,
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Bio: user.Bio,
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Role: string(user.Role),
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Status: string(user.Status),
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CreatedAt: user.CreatedAt,
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UpdatedAt: user.UpdatedAt,
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}
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}
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```
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### 照片 DTO
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```go
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// dto/photo_dto.go - 照片数据传输对象
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package dto
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import (
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"time"
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"photography-backend/internal/model/entity"
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)
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// CreatePhotoRequest 创建照片请求
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type CreatePhotoRequest struct {
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Title string `json:"title" binding:"required,max=255"`
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Description string `json:"description" binding:"max=1000"`
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CategoryIDs []uint `json:"category_ids"`
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TagIDs []uint `json:"tag_ids"`
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AlbumIDs []uint `json:"album_ids"`
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Location string `json:"location" binding:"max=255"`
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TakenAt *time.Time `json:"taken_at"`
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}
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// UpdatePhotoRequest 更新照片请求
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type UpdatePhotoRequest struct {
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Title string `json:"title" binding:"omitempty,max=255"`
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Description string `json:"description" binding:"max=1000"`
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CategoryIDs []uint `json:"category_ids"`
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TagIDs []uint `json:"tag_ids"`
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AlbumIDs []uint `json:"album_ids"`
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Location string `json:"location" binding:"max=255"`
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TakenAt *time.Time `json:"taken_at"`
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Status string `json:"status" binding:"oneof=active inactive private"`
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}
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// PhotoResponse 照片响应
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type PhotoResponse struct {
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ID uint `json:"id"`
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Title string `json:"title"`
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Description string `json:"description"`
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Filename string `json:"filename"`
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FilePath string `json:"file_path"`
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FileSize int64 `json:"file_size"`
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MimeType string `json:"mime_type"`
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Width int `json:"width"`
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Height int `json:"height"`
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URL string `json:"url"`
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ThumbnailURL string `json:"thumbnail_url"`
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Location string `json:"location"`
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TakenAt *time.Time `json:"taken_at"`
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Status string `json:"status"`
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ViewCount int `json:"view_count"`
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UserID uint `json:"user_id"`
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User *UserResponse `json:"user,omitempty"`
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Categories []CategoryResponse `json:"categories,omitempty"`
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Tags []TagResponse `json:"tags,omitempty"`
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CreatedAt time.Time `json:"created_at"`
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UpdatedAt time.Time `json:"updated_at"`
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}
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// PhotoListResponse 照片列表响应
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type PhotoListResponse struct {
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Photos []PhotoResponse `json:"photos"`
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Total int64 `json:"total"`
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Page int `json:"page"`
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Limit int `json:"limit"`
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}
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// ListPhotosOptions 照片列表选项
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type ListPhotosOptions struct {
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Page int `form:"page" binding:"min=1"`
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Limit int `form:"limit" binding:"min=1,max=100"`
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Sort string `form:"sort" binding:"oneof=id title created_at taken_at view_count"`
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Order string `form:"order" binding:"oneof=asc desc"`
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Status string `form:"status" binding:"oneof=active inactive private"`
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CategoryID uint `form:"category_id"`
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TagID uint `form:"tag_id"`
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AlbumID uint `form:"album_id"`
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UserID uint `form:"user_id"`
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Search string `form:"search" binding:"max=100"`
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}
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// SearchPhotosOptions 搜索照片选项
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type SearchPhotosOptions struct {
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ListPhotosOptions
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Query string `form:"query" binding:"required,min=1,max=100"`
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Fields []string `form:"fields" binding:"dive,oneof=title description location"`
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DateFrom *time.Time `form:"date_from"`
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DateTo *time.Time `form:"date_to"`
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}
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// ProcessPhotoOptions 处理照片选项
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type ProcessPhotoOptions struct {
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Resize bool `json:"resize"`
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Width int `json:"width"`
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Height int `json:"height"`
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Quality int `json:"quality"`
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Watermark bool `json:"watermark"`
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Thumbnail bool `json:"thumbnail"`
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}
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// ToPhotoResponse 转换为照片响应
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func ToPhotoResponse(photo *entity.Photo, baseURL string) *PhotoResponse {
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resp := &PhotoResponse{
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ID: photo.ID,
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Title: photo.Title,
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Description: photo.Description,
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Filename: photo.Filename,
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FilePath: photo.FilePath,
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FileSize: photo.FileSize,
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MimeType: photo.MimeType,
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Width: photo.Width,
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Height: photo.Height,
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URL: photo.GetURL(baseURL),
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ThumbnailURL: photo.GetThumbnailURL(baseURL),
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Location: photo.Location,
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TakenAt: photo.TakenAt,
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Status: string(photo.Status),
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ViewCount: photo.ViewCount,
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UserID: photo.UserID,
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CreatedAt: photo.CreatedAt,
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UpdatedAt: photo.UpdatedAt,
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}
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// 加载关联数据
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if photo.User.ID != 0 {
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resp.User = ToUserResponse(&photo.User)
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}
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if len(photo.Categories) > 0 {
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resp.Categories = make([]CategoryResponse, len(photo.Categories))
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for i, category := range photo.Categories {
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resp.Categories[i] = *ToCategoryResponse(&category)
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}
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}
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if len(photo.Tags) > 0 {
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resp.Tags = make([]TagResponse, len(photo.Tags))
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for i, tag := range photo.Tags {
|
||
resp.Tags[i] = *ToTagResponse(&tag)
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
return resp
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 📊 类型定义
|
||
|
||
### 枚举和常量
|
||
```go
|
||
// types/enums.go - 枚举类型定义
|
||
package types
|
||
|
||
// SortOrder 排序方向
|
||
type SortOrder string
|
||
|
||
const (
|
||
SortOrderAsc SortOrder = "asc"
|
||
SortOrderDesc SortOrder = "desc"
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
// FileType 文件类型
|
||
type FileType string
|
||
|
||
const (
|
||
FileTypeImage FileType = "image"
|
||
FileTypeVideo FileType = "video"
|
||
FileTypeAudio FileType = "audio"
|
||
FileTypeDocument FileType = "document"
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
// MimeType 媒体类型
|
||
const (
|
||
MimeTypeJPEG = "image/jpeg"
|
||
MimeTypePNG = "image/png"
|
||
MimeTypeGIF = "image/gif"
|
||
MimeTypeWebP = "image/webp"
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
// 分页常量
|
||
const (
|
||
DefaultPage = 1
|
||
DefaultLimit = 20
|
||
MaxLimit = 100
|
||
DefaultSort = "created_at"
|
||
DefaultOrder = "desc"
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
// 文件大小常量
|
||
const (
|
||
KB = 1024
|
||
MB = KB * 1024
|
||
GB = MB * 1024
|
||
|
||
MaxFileSize = 10 * MB // 10MB
|
||
)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 自定义类型
|
||
```go
|
||
// types/custom_types.go - 自定义类型
|
||
package types
|
||
|
||
import (
|
||
"database/sql/driver"
|
||
"encoding/json"
|
||
"errors"
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
// JSON 自定义JSON类型
|
||
type JSON map[string]interface{}
|
||
|
||
// Value 实现 driver.Valuer 接口
|
||
func (j JSON) Value() (driver.Value, error) {
|
||
if j == nil {
|
||
return nil, nil
|
||
}
|
||
return json.Marshal(j)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Scan 实现 sql.Scanner 接口
|
||
func (j *JSON) Scan(value interface{}) error {
|
||
if value == nil {
|
||
*j = nil
|
||
return nil
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
bytes, ok := value.([]byte)
|
||
if !ok {
|
||
return errors.New("failed to scan JSON value")
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
return json.Unmarshal(bytes, j)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// StringArray 字符串数组类型
|
||
type StringArray []string
|
||
|
||
// Value 实现 driver.Valuer 接口
|
||
func (s StringArray) Value() (driver.Value, error) {
|
||
if s == nil {
|
||
return nil, nil
|
||
}
|
||
return json.Marshal(s)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Scan 实现 sql.Scanner 接口
|
||
func (s *StringArray) Scan(value interface{}) error {
|
||
if value == nil {
|
||
*s = nil
|
||
return nil
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
bytes, ok := value.([]byte)
|
||
if !ok {
|
||
return errors.New("failed to scan StringArray value")
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
return json.Unmarshal(bytes, s)
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 🎯 验证和转换
|
||
|
||
### 数据验证
|
||
```go
|
||
// validation/validators.go - 自定义验证器
|
||
package validation
|
||
|
||
import (
|
||
"regexp"
|
||
"strings"
|
||
|
||
"github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
// RegisterCustomValidators 注册自定义验证器
|
||
func RegisterCustomValidators(v *validator.Validate) {
|
||
v.RegisterValidation("username", validateUsername)
|
||
v.RegisterValidation("password", validatePassword)
|
||
v.RegisterValidation("phone", validatePhone)
|
||
v.RegisterValidation("slug", validateSlug)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// validateUsername 验证用户名
|
||
func validateUsername(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
|
||
username := fl.Field().String()
|
||
|
||
// 3-50个字符，只允许字母、数字、下划线
|
||
matched, _ := regexp.MatchString(`^[a-zA-Z0-9_]{3,50}$`, username)
|
||
return matched
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// validatePassword 验证密码强度
|
||
func validatePassword(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
|
||
password := fl.Field().String()
|
||
|
||
// 至少6个字符，包含字母和数字
|
||
if len(password) < 6 {
|
||
return false
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
hasLetter := regexp.MustCompile(`[a-zA-Z]`).MatchString(password)
|
||
hasNumber := regexp.MustCompile(`[0-9]`).MatchString(password)
|
||
|
||
return hasLetter && hasNumber
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// validatePhone 验证手机号
|
||
func validatePhone(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
|
||
phone := fl.Field().String()
|
||
matched, _ := regexp.MatchString(`^1[3-9]\d{9}$`, phone)
|
||
return matched
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// validateSlug 验证 URL 友好字符串
|
||
func validateSlug(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
|
||
slug := fl.Field().String()
|
||
matched, _ := regexp.MatchString(`^[a-z0-9]+(?:-[a-z0-9]+)*$`, slug)
|
||
return matched
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 💡 最佳实践
|
||
|
||
### 模型设计原则
|
||
1. **职责分离**: 实体、DTO、请求、响应分别定义
|
||
2. **数据验证**: 使用标签进行数据验证
|
||
3. **关联关系**: 合理定义实体间的关联关系
|
||
4. **索引优化**: 为常用查询字段添加索引
|
||
5. **软删除**: 重要数据使用软删除
|
||
|
||
### 性能优化
|
||
1. **延迟加载**: 避免不必要的关联查询
|
||
2. **选择性字段**: 只查询需要的字段
|
||
3. **批量操作**: 使用批量插入和更新
|
||
4. **缓存策略**: 缓存频繁访问的数据
|
||
|
||
### 安全考虑
|
||
1. **敏感字段**: 密码等敏感字段不参与序列化
|
||
2. **输入验证**: 严格验证所有输入数据
|
||
3. **权限控制**: 在模型层实现基础权限检查
|
||
4. **SQL 注入**: 使用 ORM 防止 SQL 注入
|
||
|
||
本模块是数据层的基础，确保模型设计的合理性和一致性是关键。 |